SSN vs. SSBN — What's the Difference?

In naval parlance, both SSN and SSBN relate to types of submarines, but they serve very distinct roles and are equipped differently. An SSN, standing for "Submersible Ship Nuclear," is a nuclear-powered attack submarine. Its primary objective is to locate and neutralize enemy sea vessels, especially other submarines. On the contrary, SSBN stands for "Submersible Ship Ballistic Nuclear." This describes a nuclear-powered submarine that is armed with ballistic missiles, often with nuclear warheads.

Both SSN and SSBN rely on nuclear propulsion, which allows them to remain submerged for extended periods, often limited only by the crew's endurance. However, the SSBN's ballistic missiles are strategic assets with a primary function of nuclear deterrence. Their presence ensures a nation's capability to retaliate in case of a nuclear first strike, making an adversary think twice before launching an attack.

The SSN, on the other hand, has a more tactical role. It can engage in various missions, including anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare, intelligence gathering, and surveillance. Conversely, SSBNs typically operate with stealth, staying hidden to maintain the credibility of a second-strike capability.

In essence, while both SSN and SSBN are crucial assets in naval warfare, their roles are fundamentally different. The SSN actively hunts and engages, whereas the SSBN remains a silent and concealed force, providing a strategic nuclear deterrent.