Polyp vs. Diverticulum — What's the Difference?

Polyps and diverticula represent different types of abnormal growths within the body, primarily affecting hollow organs but differing significantly in structure and potential health implications. A polyp is a growth that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane, such as those found in the colon, nose, or uterus. These growths are often benign but can sometimes become cancerous. On the other hand, a diverticulum is a bulge or pouch that forms in the wall of a hollow organ, such as the intestine or bladder. Unlike polyps, diverticula do not grow from the organ's surface but instead push outward, creating a pocket or sac.

Polyps are often identified during routine screenings or evaluations for other conditions, as many do not produce symptoms until they reach a significant size or become cancerous. Conversely, diverticula may remain asymptomatic or lead to diverticulitis if they become inflamed, causing pain and other digestive symptoms.

The treatment for polyps generally involves removal, especially if there is a risk of cancer. This is typically done through endoscopic procedures. In contrast, the management of diverticula focuses on preventing inflammation and infection through dietary changes and, in severe cases, may require surgical intervention.

Polyps vary in type, including adenomatous, hyperplastic, and sessile serrated polyps, each with different implications for cancer risk. Diverticula, however, are primarily categorized by their location, such as colonic diverticula in diverticulosis, and whether they are symptomatic or not.

Risk factors for developing polyps include age, family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, and lifestyle factors such as diet and smoking. For diverticula, risk factors also include age, a low-fiber diet, and possibly genetic predispositions, highlighting the influence of both hereditary and environmental factors on these conditions.