Physical vs. Physiological — What's the Difference?

Physical attributes or aspects relate to the body's external and internal structure, including anatomy and physical properties like strength and flexibility. These characteristics can be observed, measured, and often seen or touched. On the other hand, physiological aspects focus on the biological and biochemical processes that enable living organisms to grow, reproduce, sustain their structures, and respond to their environments. This includes metabolism, homeostasis, and hormonal functions, which are not visible to the naked eye but are crucial for life.

While physical health is often assessed through observable metrics such as body composition, endurance, and physical ability, physiological health delves into the functionality of body systems, such as cardiovascular health, respiratory efficiency, and neurological functions. Whereas physical exercises aim to improve strength, endurance, and overall body condition, physiological health can be influenced by a wider range of factors including genetics, diet, and environmental conditions.

In the realm of education and professions, physical education focuses on enhancing physical fitness and motor skills through activities like sports and exercise. Conversely, physiology as a discipline explores the mechanisms of body functions, aiming to understand how organisms, organ systems, tissues, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.

The assessment of physical and physiological aspects can differ significantly. Physical assessments might include measurements of height, weight, muscle mass, and physical capabilities. Physiological assessments, however, often require more complex methodologies such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), and other diagnostic tests to evaluate the functioning of various body systems.

Physical improvements are often visible and tangible, such as increased muscle size or decreased body fat percentage. In contrast, physiological improvements, like enhanced insulin sensitivity or body pressure, are internal and may require medical tests to verify, highlighting the distinction between external changes and internal health advancements.