Neurologist vs. Neurosurgeon — What's the Difference?

A neurologist specializes in diagnosing and managing neurological conditions such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. They use non-surgical methods like medication and physical therapy to treat patients. A neurosurgeon, in contrast, performs surgeries to treat neurological disorders, often addressing physical abnormalities like brain tumors, spinal cord injuries, and aneurysms. They use surgical tools and techniques to directly intervene in the nervous system.

Neurologists often conduct extensive tests such as EEGs, MRIs, and lumbar punctures to diagnose conditions. They rely on these diagnostic tools to formulate treatment plans. Neurosurgeons also use these diagnostic tools but primarily to prepare for and plan surgical interventions.

Both neurologists and neurosurgeons may work together in managing complex cases. For instance, a neurologist may refer a patient to a neurosurgeon if they believe surgery is necessary, and post-surgery, the neurologist may continue with non-surgical follow-up care.

Neurologists typically work in outpatient settings and hospitals, focusing on long-term management of neurological disorders. Neurosurgeons, however, spend a significant amount of time in operating rooms, performing intricate surgeries.

Educationally, both neurologists and neurosurgeons start with medical degrees, but neurosurgeons undergo additional surgical training, including residencies that are often longer and more specialized compared to those of neurologists.

Neurologists and neurosurgeons both require board certification, but their certification exams and required competencies differ, reflecting their distinct roles in treating neurological conditions.