Macbeth vs. Banquo — What's the Difference?

In the world of Shakespeare's "Macbeth," Macbeth and Banquo are initially companions, both being generals in King Duncan’s army. Macbeth, the play's protagonist, is characterized by his ambition and moral conflict. He is a complex character who evolves from a brave warrior to a tyrannical murderer, influenced by his desires and the predictions of the witches. Macbeth’s ambition is ignited by the witches' prophecy, suggesting his rise to power, subsequently leading him to commit regicide.

Banquo, on the other hand, is Macbeth’s contrast. He is also privy to a prophecy by the witches but chooses morality over ambition. Banquo is associated with thematic elements of morality, caution, and contemplation, displaying skepticism about the witches’ predictions. He chooses a path that aligns with his values and moral compass, even though it doesn’t lead him to the throne. His character acts as a moral foil to Macbeth, highlighting the tragedy of Macbeth's moral decline.

The trajectory of Macbeth's character is one of downfall and moral deterioration. His ambition drives him to betray his friends, his king, and ultimately, himself. His internal struggle with his desires and moral compass forms a central theme of the play. Macbeth's actions not only lead to his own demise but also create chaos in Scotland, demonstrating the destructive potential of unchecked ambition and moral conflict.

Conversely, Banquo’s character is steadfast, symbolizing the path not taken by Macbeth. Banquo’s ghost haunts Macbeth, representing Macbeth’s guilt and the consequences of choosing power over morality. Although Banquo does not achieve kingship, the witches predict that his descendants will inherit the throne, symbolizing the enduring power of morality and righteousness over corruption and ambition.

In essence, while Macbeth and Banquo begin as companions and warriors, their diverging moral compasses and reactions to prophecy set them apart, with Macbeth representing the corrosive effect of ambition and Banquo standing as a symbol of moral integrity and righteousness.