Realism vs. Existentialism — What's the Difference?

Realism, as a philosophical and artistic movement, aims to represent subjects as they are in real life, without idealization or distortion. It emphasizes the objective reality, often focusing on everyday activities and the lives of ordinary people. Existentialism, on the other hand, is a philosophical theory that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and personal responsibility. It posits that individuals are free and must define their own meaning in life, which is inherently absurd or meaningless.

Realism seeks to portray life accurately, often highlighting social issues and the human condition without embellishment in literature art. Existentialist thinkers focus on the subjective experience of existing, exploring themes of anxiety, alienation, and the search for authenticity.

Realism is concerned with depicting the external world and social conditions accurately, existentialism delves into the internal, subjective experience of individuals. Realism often employs detailed descriptions and observations to capture the essence of reality, whereas existentialism uses introspection and philosophical exploration to understand the nature of existence and the human condition.

Realist works aim to engage with the social and political realities of their time, often advocating for social change or highlighting societal issues. Existentialist works, while they may also address societal issues, are more focused on the individual's struggle to find meaning and make choices in an indifferent or absurd world.

The distinction between realism and existentialism highlights the difference between an external focus on society and an internal focus on the individual's experience and choices. Both movements, however, share a deep interest in the human condition, though they approach it from different perspectives.