Capability vs. Function — What's the Difference?

Capability and Function are terms often used in various contexts but with different implications. Capability refers to the potential or ability to do something. It suggests an inherent quality or capacity that may or may not be currently active. For example, a smartphone's capability to connect to Wi-Fi indicates potential, irrespective of whether it's connected or not. Function, on the other hand, refers to the specific role or activity that something is designed or intended to perform. It implies action or purpose, like the function of a clock to tell time.

When considering human skills, Capability denotes a person’s skill set or proficiency, including latent abilities. It's about what a person can do, potentially or theoretically. Function, in a similar context, would refer to a specific role or duty a person performs, like the function of a teacher to educate.

In technology and machinery, Capability is often about the range of abilities or features a device possesses. For example, a printer’s capability to print in color. Function, however, would describe the specific tasks the printer performs, such as printing, scanning, or faxing.

In organizational contexts, Capability can refer to the collective skills, resources, and potential of a company. Function, in contrast, is more about the specific roles or departments within an organization, like the marketing function or the HR function.