Calvinism vs. Puritanism — What's the Difference?

Calvinism, originating in the 16th century with the teachings of John Calvin, is known for its five core tenets, often summarized by the acronym TULIP: Total Depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints. It spread throughout Europe and significantly influenced Reformed theology. Puritanism, emerging in the late 16th century, represented a group within Calvinism, primarily in England, aiming to reform and purify the Church of England of any remnants of Roman Catholicism, advocating for a simpler form of worship and church organization.

Calvinism focuses on theological doctrines, particularly those concerning salvation and God's sovereignty, Puritanism also encompassed a social and moral dimension, advocating for a lifestyle that reflected the purity and discipline of early Christian communities. This included strict adherence to the Sabbath and a code of ethics that governed personal behavior and community standards.

Both movements played significant roles in shaping the religious landscape of Europe and the New World, especially in the American colonies, where Puritan settlers established communities based on their religious principles. However, Calvinism as a theology has been adopted by various Reformed churches worldwide, beyond the specific historical and cultural context of Puritanism.

Despite their shared roots, the terms are not interchangeable. Calvinism refers more broadly to a theological perspective within Christianity, while Puritanism describes a specific historical movement aiming for ecclesiastical reform and moral purity within the context of the Church of England. The influence of both is evident in various denominations and religious practices today, highlighting their enduring impact on Christian thought and culture.