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Liquid vs. Fluid — What's the Difference?

By Tayyaba Rehman & Urooj Arif — Updated on March 13, 2024
Liquid is a state of matter characterized by fixed volume and fluidity, allowing it to take the shape of its container, whereas fluid encompasses both liquids and gases, defined by their ability to flow and conform to the shape of their surroundings.
Liquid vs. Fluid — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Liquid and Fluid

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Key Differences

Liquid is one of the primary states of matter, distinct for its fixed volume but adaptable shape, confined to the dimensions of its container. On the other hand, fluid is a broader term that includes liquids and gases, characterized by their shared ability to flow and lack of a fixed shape.
While liquids have a consistent volume under standard conditions, fluids can be compressible or incompressible, with gases being highly compressible compared to liquids. This means that while the volume of liquids remains constant, the volume of gases (and therefore some fluids) can change significantly under pressure.
In liquids, the particles are closely packed but have enough energy to move around each other, which allows liquids to flow. Conversely, in fluids like gases, the particles are much farther apart and have higher kinetic energy, leading to faster and more dynamic flow properties.
Liquids have a surface tension, leading to phenomena like droplets formation and capillary action, due to the cohesive forces between their molecules. Fluids such as gases, however, do not exhibit surface tension in the same way, due to the much weaker intermolecular forces present.
The behavior of liquids under different temperatures and pressures can be somewhat predictable, with most liquids expanding when heated. Fluids, however, especially gases, can behave unpredictably under the same conditions due to their compressibility and the ideal gas laws.
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Comparison Chart

Composition

Only liquids
Liquids and gases

Volume

Fixed
Variable (especially for gases)

Compressibility

Generally incompressible
Varies (liquids are incompressible, gases are compressible)

Flow

Can flow, has a free surface
Can flow, may or may not have a free surface

Surface Tension

Present due to cohesive forces
Present in liquids, not in gases

Compare with Definitions

Liquid

A state of matter with definite volume but no fixed shape.
Water in a glass takes the shape of the glass.

Fluid

A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
Air, a fluid, fills any container it's in.

Liquid

Can form a free surface in a gravitational field.
A pool of water demonstrates a liquid's free surface.

Fluid

Can flow under an applied force.
Blood, a complex fluid, circulates through the body.

Liquid

Substance that flows freely but is of constant volume.
Mercury, a liquid metal, is used in thermometers.

Fluid

Encompasses both liquids and gases.
Hydraulic fluid and air both act as fluids in different engineering systems.

Liquid

Exhibits surface tension and capillary action.
Water droplets on a leaf display liquid's surface tension.

Fluid

Lacks surface tension in gaseous state.
Steam, a gaseous fluid, does not form droplets like water.

Liquid

Characterized by nearly incompressible fluidity.
Oil, a liquid, provides lubrication in engines.

Fluid

Not necessarily of constant volume, especially gases.
The helium gas in balloons expands when heated.

Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape.

Fluid

In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. They have zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, are substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to them.

Liquid

The state of matter in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow and little or no tendency to disperse, and is amorphous but has a fixed volume and is difficult to compress.

Fluid

A substance that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure; a gas or (especially) a liquid
Body fluids
A bottle of cleaning fluid

Liquid

Matter or a specific body of matter in this state.

Fluid

(of a substance) able to flow easily
The paint is more fluid than tube watercolours

Liquid

(Linguistics) A consonant articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel, such as English l and r.

Fluid

(of a clutch or coupling) using a liquid to transmit power.

Liquid

Of or being a liquid.

Fluid

A continuous, amorphous substance whose molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container; a liquid or gas.

Liquid

Melted by heating
Liquid wax.

Fluid

Of, relating to, or characteristic of a fluid.

Liquid

Condensed by cooling
Liquid oxygen.

Fluid

Readily reshaped; pliable.

Liquid

Flowing readily; fluid
Added milk to make the batter more liquid.

Fluid

Smooth and flowing; graceful
The fluid motion of a cat.

Liquid

Having a flowing quality without harshness or abrupt breaks
Liquid prose.
The liquid movements of a ballet dancer.

Fluid

Changing or tending to change; variable
A fluid situation fraught with uncertainty.

Liquid

(Linguistics) Articulated without friction and capable of being prolonged like a vowel.

Fluid

Characterized by or allowing social mobility
A fluid society.

Liquid

Clear and shining
The liquid brown eyes of a spaniel.

Fluid

Convertible into cash
Fluid assets.

Liquid

Existing as or readily convertible into cash
Liquid assets.

Fluid

Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.

Liquid

A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those of a gas, readily change their relative position, and which therefore retains no definite shape, except that determined by the containing receptacle; an inelastic fluid.
A liquid can freeze to become a solid or evaporate into a gas.

Fluid

A liquid as opposed to a solid or gas.

Liquid

(phonetics) Any of a class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.

Fluid

Intravenous fluids.

Liquid

Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure.
Liquid nitrogen

Fluid

(not comparable) Of or relating to fluid.

Liquid

Easily sold or disposed of without losing value.

Fluid

In a state of flux; subject to change.

Liquid

Having sufficient trading activity to make buying or selling easy.

Fluid

Moving smoothly, or giving the impression of a liquid in motion.

Liquid

Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or harsh tones.
A liquid melody

Fluid

(of an asset) Convertible into cash.

Liquid

(phonology) Belonging to a class of consonants comprised of the laterals and the rhotics, which in many languages behave similarly.

Fluid

(rare) Genderfluid.

Liquid

Fluid and transparent.
The liquid air

Fluid

Having particles which easily move and change their relative position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.

Liquid

Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid.
Yea, though he go upon the plane and liquid water which will receive no step.

Fluid

A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among themselves.

Liquid

Being in such a state that the component molecules move freely among themselves, but have a definite volume changing only slightly with changes of pressure, and do not tend to separate from each other as the particles of gases and vapors do when the volume of the container is increased; neither solid nor gaseous; as, liquid mercury, in distinction from mercury solidified or in a state of vapor.

Fluid

A substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure

Liquid

Flowing or sounding smoothly or without abrupt transitions or harsh tones.

Fluid

A continuous amorphous substance that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Liquid

Pronounced without any jar or harshness; smooth; as, l and r are liquid letters.

Fluid

Subject to change; variable;
A fluid situation fraught with uncertainty
Everything was unstable following the coup

Liquid

Fluid and transparent; as, the liquid air.

Fluid

Characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape

Liquid

Clear; definite in terms or amount.

Fluid

Smooth and unconstrained in movement;
A long, smooth stride
The fluid motion of a cat
The liquid grace of a ballerina
Liquid prose

Liquid

In cash or readily convertible into cash without loss of principle; - said of assets, such as bank accounts, or short-term bonds tradable on a major stock exchange.

Fluid

In cash or easily convertible to cash;
Liquid (or fluid) assets

Liquid

A substance whose parts change their relative position on the slightest pressure, and therefore retain no definite form; any substance in the state of liquidity; a fluid that is not gaseous and has a definite volume independent, of the container in which it is held. Liquids have a fixed volume at any given pressure, but their shape is determined by the container in which it is contained. Liquids, in contrast to gases, cannot expand indefinitely to fill an expanding container, and are only slightly compressible by application of pressure.

Fluid

Affording change (especially in social status);
Britain is not a truly fluid society
Upwardly mobile

Liquid

A letter which has a smooth, flowing sound, or which flows smoothly after a mute; as, l and r, in bla, bra. M and n also are called liquids.

Liquid

A substance that is liquid at room temperature and pressure

Liquid

The state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility

Liquid

A substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume

Liquid

A frictionless non-nasal continuant (especially `l' and `r')

Liquid

Filled or brimming with tears;
Swimming eyes
Watery eyes
Sorrow made the eyes of many grow liquid

Liquid

Clear and bright;
The liquid air of a spring morning
Eyes shining with a liquid luster
Limpid blue eyes

Liquid

Changed from a solid to a liquid state;
Rivers filled to overflowing by melted snow

Liquid

Smooth and flowing in quality; entirely free of harshness;
The liquid song of a robin

Liquid

Yielding; lacking any hint of hardness;
The liquid stillness of the night enveloping him
The liquid brown eyes of a spaniel

Liquid

Smooth and unconstrained in movement;
A long, smooth stride
The fluid motion of a cat
The liquid grace of a ballerina
Liquid prose

Liquid

In cash or easily convertible to cash;
Liquid (or fluid) assets

Common Curiosities

What is a liquid?

A liquid is a state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape, capable of flowing and conforming to the shape of its container.

What causes liquids to flow?

Liquids flow due to the movement of their closely packed but mobile particles, which slide past one another.

Do fluids always have a surface tension?

Surface tension is a characteristic of liquids due to cohesive forces among molecules, but it is not applicable to gases.

What is a fluid?

A fluid is a substance that can flow and has no fixed shape, encompassing both liquids and gases.

Can all fluids be compressed?

Not all fluids can be compressed; liquids are generally incompressible, while gases, another type of fluid, are compressible.

How are liquids and fluids similar?

Both liquids and fluids can flow and take the shape of their containers due to their lack of a fixed shape.

Can the volume of a liquid change?

The volume of a liquid can change slightly with temperature and pressure but remains relatively constant compared to gases.

How do temperature and pressure affect fluids?

Temperature and pressure can significantly affect the volume and behavior of fluids, especially gases, due to their compressibility.

How do liquids differ from fluids?

Liquids are a specific type of fluid with a fixed volume, while fluids can include both liquids and gases, some of which may be compressible.

Are fluids only found in nature?

Fluids are found both in nature (like water and air) and in manufactured systems (like hydraulic fluids and refrigerants).

Do gases have a fixed volume?

Gases do not have a fixed volume; they expand or compress to fill the volume of their container.

What is the significance of surface tension in liquids?

Surface tension in liquids results from cohesive forces, leading to phenomena like droplet formation and capillary action.

Is plasma considered a fluid?

Yes, plasma is considered a fluid, but it is a distinct state of matter separate from liquids and gases.

Why are some fluids called Newtonian?

Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity regardless of the applied stress, unlike non-Newtonian fluids, whose viscosity can change.

Can fluids exist in a vacuum?

Gases can expand indefinitely in a vacuum, but liquids will tend to evaporate in the absence of pressure.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Tayyaba Rehman
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.
Co-written by
Urooj Arif
Urooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.

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