Every vs. Each — What's the Difference?

"Every" and "Each" are both quantifiers used to indicate specificity in English. When we use "Every", we're referring to all members within a set or group without individual emphasis. For example, "Every student passed the test" emphasizes the entire group's success without focusing on individual achievements. In contrast, "Each" emphasizes individual members within a group. For instance, "Each student received a certificate" highlights the individual achievement of obtaining a certificate.

In certain contexts, "Every" and "Each" can be used interchangeably, but they often carry distinct nuances. "Every" typically suggests a routine or regularity. If someone says, "I go to the gym every day", it indicates a habitual action. On the other hand, "Each" implies specific attention to individual items or members. Saying "I thanked each person at the party" conveys a deliberate action directed towards every individual present.

While "Every" can be used before singular nouns to refer to all members of a group, it doesn't work with two items. You wouldn't say "every two students"; instead, you'd use "both students". "Each", however, can be used even when referring to two items. For instance, "Each student (out of two) gave a presentation" is correct.

Additionally, there's a difference in placement. "Every" always precedes the noun it modifies: "every book". "Each", while often preceding the noun ("each book"), can also follow the verb, especially when used for emphasis: "The books cost $20 each".