Overproof vs. Underproof — What's the Difference?

Overproof spirits are defined by their higher-than-average alcohol by volume (ABV) percentage, making them more potent and intense in flavor. On the other hand, underproof spirits have a lower ABV, resulting in a smoother and often more approachable taste profile. This difference significantly affects the spirit's usage in cocktails, culinary applications, and consumption preferences.

The concept of "proof" originated as a measure of alcohol content, with overproof spirits exceeding the standard proof levels set by various regulations, typically implying an ABV of over 50%. Whereas, underproof spirits fall short of these regulatory benchmarks, often featuring an ABV below 40%, making them lighter and less intoxicating options.

Overproof spirits are often used by bartenders to create cocktails with a stronger kick or to add depth to the drink's flavor profile. In contrast, underproof spirits are favored for their versatility and ease of use in a wider range of cocktails, appealing to those preferring a milder alcoholic influence.

The production process for overproof spirits may involve less dilution with water post-distillation, preserving more of the original alcohol content. Meanwhile, underproof spirits undergo more dilution, reducing the alcohol concentration while potentially allowing for a greater expression of subtle flavors and aromas.

Consumers choose overproof spirits for their robustness and intensity, which can enhance the sensory experience of a drink. Underproof spirits, however, cater to a demographic seeking a lighter, more refreshing alcoholic beverage, suitable for casual sipping or in cocktails where the alcohol does not overpower other ingredients.