Hindu vs. Muslim — What's the Difference?

Hinduism is recognized as one of the world's oldest religions, with a rich tapestry of myths, rituals, and philosophies, and no single founder. It encompasses a broad spectrum of beliefs and practices, including devotion to a multitude of deities such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi. On the other hand, Islam, founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE, centers on the worship of one God, Allah, and follows the teachings of the Quran, which Muslims believe to be the literal word of God revealed to Muhammad.

Hindus often practice their faith through various rituals, festivals, and pilgrimages, and they believe in concepts like dharma (duty/ethics), karma (action and subsequent reaction), and moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth). Muslims focus on the Five Pillars of Islam, which include Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). These practices are fundamental to their daily religious duties and overall life.

Hindu scripture includes a vast array of texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Ramayana, which offer guidance and philosophical insights. Islam's holy scripture is the Quran, supplemented by Hadiths (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad), which guide Muslims in their personal, social, and legal lives.

The concept of God in Hinduism is complex and varied. Hindus may worship one primary deity among many, see all gods as manifestations of a single Reality, or even follow purely philosophical versions of Hindu thought. In contrast, Islam teaches the oneness of God (Tawhid), a strict monotheism where Allah is omnipotent and omniscient, and associating partners with Allah (shirk) is considered a grave sin.

While both religions emphasize moral living and provide a detailed framework for conduct in personal and social life, their doctrines, rituals, and foundational beliefs present a vivid illustration of the diversity found in world religions.