Gravure vs. Lithograph — What's the Difference?

Gravure printing involves engraving an image onto a cylinder, which then transfers ink directly onto the paper or another substrate. This process is known for its ability to produce very high-quality images and is commonly used for large runs of magazines, catalogs, packaging, and more. Lithography, on the other hand, is based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. It involves creating an image on a flat surface, treating areas to attract ink or repel water, and then printing from this surface onto paper. It's widely used for art prints, posters, and when a lower volume or high-quality color reproduction is needed.

While gravure is praised for its precision and longevity, making it suitable for high-volume printing projects that require detailed imagery, lithography offers more flexibility in terms of printing materials and is preferred for shorter runs. Gravure cylinders are expensive to produce but are efficient for long runs, whereas lithographic plates are less expensive and easier to create, making them cost-effective for small to medium-sized print jobs.

The choice between gravure and lithography often depends on the specific needs of the printing project. Gravure's depth and quality of print are unmatched, especially for images requiring fine detail and consistency over large volumes. Lithography, while versatile and capable of producing high-quality prints, excels in color control and is better suited for artistic applications or when the print volume is not large enough to justify the initial cost of gravure.

In terms of environmental impact, gravure printing can involve more complex chemical processes and solvents, particularly in the cylinder engraving and ink application stages. Lithography, especially modern water-based processes, can be more environmentally friendly, though it still involves chemicals and materials that require careful management.