Erica vs. Heather — What's the Difference?

Erica comprises a large genus of plants, including many species that vary widely in size, color, and habitat, adapted to a range of environments from Europe to Africa. Whereas Heather, or Calluna vulgaris, is a specific species within the Ericaceae family, primarily known for its dense, low-growing shrubs that dominate the heathlands of Europe.

The flowers of Erica species can vary dramatically; they may be bell-shaped, tubular, or urn-shaped, and come in colors such as pink, white, red, and purple. In contrast, Heather typically displays small, scale-like leaves with purple or mauve flowers, creating a distinct appearance that is iconic across many parts of its native range.

Erica plants are found in various habitats including heathlands, forest areas, and even mountainous terrains, showcasing their adaptability. On the other hand, Heather is most commonly associated with heathland and moorland habitats, thriving in acidic soils and resisting harsh weather conditions.

While both Erica and Heather are used ornamentally, Erica offers a broader range of options for gardeners due to its diverse species each having unique characteristics. Heather, however, is especially valued for its hardiness and year-round appeal, often used to provide ground cover and winter color in gardens.

Different Erica species play varied roles in their respective environments, supporting different wildlife. Conversely, Heather is particularly noted for its importance in supporting a unique ecosystem, providing habitat and food sources for numerous moorland birds and insects.