Ask Difference

Equity vs. Capital — What's the Difference?

By Fiza Rafique & Urooj Arif — Updated on April 14, 2024
Equity represents ownership value in an asset after liabilities are subtracted, while capital generally refers to the financial resources available for use, including investments and assets.
Equity vs. Capital — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Equity and Capital

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Key Differences

Equity is the value of an owner's interest in a property or business, derived by subtracting liabilities from the total assets. On the other hand, capital encompasses any financial assets or resources available to a business or individual, including equity, debt, and other funding sources.
Equity is specifically tied to ownership and represents a residual claim on assets after all debts are settled. Whereas capital is used more broadly and includes the total financial resources used to fund operations and growth.
Equity can increase as a business becomes more profitable or as it appreciates in value. Conversely, capital can be raised through various means such as issuing stock, taking on debt, or reinvesting profits.
In terms of risk, equity holders typically face higher risks because they are paid last in the event of liquidation. In contrast, other forms of capital such as debt are often secured and have priority over equity in claims.
The returns on equity can be variable and potentially higher, reflecting the higher risk, while returns on other capital forms, like debt, tend to be fixed or less variable.
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Comparison Chart

Definition

Ownership value in an asset after subtracting liabilities
Financial resources used for operations

Forms

Common stock, retained earnings
Debt, equity, retained earnings

Risk

Higher, dependent on business performance
Varies, generally lower for debt

Return

Potentially high but variable
Can be fixed (debt) or variable (equity)

Legal Claim

Residual claim after debts
Prior claim depending on the form

Compare with Definitions

Equity

The net value of an asset after deducting what is owed on it.
After paying off the mortgage, the equity in her house increased.

Capital

Financial assets or resources owned by an individual or organization.
The startup raised capital by issuing new shares.

Equity

The value of shares issued by a company.
He owns significant equity in the company, reflecting his large shareholding.

Capital

Wealth in the form of money or other assets.
She invested her capital in a portfolio of bonds and stocks.

Equity

Interest or ownership in any asset.
Equity investors stand to gain if the business succeeds.

Capital

Fund accumulated to support ongoing development and growth.
Reinvested profits are a major source of capital for the company.

Equity

The value representing ownership in a firm, differentiated by stocks.
Equity holders often receive dividends as a return on investment.

Capital

Resources available for use in the production of further wealth.
Access to capital is critical for any new business.

Equity

Financial value calculated by assets minus liabilities.
The company’s equity grew as its profits increased over the years.

Capital

The total financial investment used in a business by the owners.
They increased the store's operating capital with a small business loan.

Equity

The state or quality of being just and fair.

Capital

The city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region
Warsaw is the capital of Poland

Equity

Something that is just and fair.

Capital

Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing
Rates of return on invested capital were high

Equity

Justice achieved not simply according to the strict letter of the law but in accordance with principles of substantial justice and the unique facts of the case.

Capital

A letter of the size and form used to begin sentences and names
He wrote the name in capitals

Equity

See court of equity.

Capital

The distinct, typically broader section at the head of a pillar or column
The pillars have moulded capitals

Equity

An equitable right or claim
An analysis of the equities and inequities brought about by the current trade bill.

Capital

(of a letter of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names.

Equity

Ownership interest in a corporation, property, or other holding, usually calculated as the value of the holding after subtracting any debt or liabilities.

Capital

Excellent
He's a really capital fellow

Equity

Equities Shares of common stock or preferred stock.

Capital

Used to express approval, satisfaction, or delight
That's splendid! Capital!

Equity

The value of a brand's reputation.

Capital

A town or city that is the official seat of government in a political entity, such as a state or nation.

Equity

Representing an ownership interest
An equity stake.

Capital

A city that is the center of a specific activity or industry
The financial capital of the world.

Equity

Of or relating to stocks
An equity mutual fund.

Capital

Wealth, especially in the form of financial or physical assets, used in the production or accumulation of more wealth.

Equity

Subordinated to all other claims on income, earnings, or assets
The equity tranche.

Capital

Accumulated assets or advantages used for economic or political gain
"The president lacks the political capital to override their objections" (The Economist).

Equity

Fairness, impartiality, or justice as determined in light of "natural law" or "natural right".

Capital

The money invested in a corporation, including debt and equity.

Equity

(legal) Various related senses originating with the Court of Chancery in late Medieval England

Capital

Net worth.

Equity

(legal) The power of a court of law having extra-statutory discretion, to decide legal matters and to provide legal relief apart from, though not in violation of, the prevailing legal code; in some cases, a court "sitting in equity" may provide relief to a complainant should the code be found either inapplicable or insufficient to do so.

Capital

Capital stock.

Equity

(legal) A right which accrues to a party in a transaction because of the nature of the transaction itself, and which is exercisable upon a change of circumstances or conditions; in other words, an equitable claim.

Capital

Capitalists considered as a group or class.

Equity

The body of law which was developed in the English Court of Chancery, which Court had extra-statutory discretion, and is now administered alongside the common law of Britain.

Capital

A capital letter.

Equity

(finance) Various senses related to net value

Capital

The top part of a pillar or column, typically having an ornamental design.

Equity

Value of property minus liens or other encumbrances.
Home equity
I have a lot of equity in my house.

Capital

First and foremost; principal
A decision of capital importance.

Equity

(business) Ownership, especially in terms of net monetary value of some business.

Capital

First-rate; excellent
A capital idea.

Equity

(accounting) Ownership interest in a company as determined by subtracting liabilities from assets.

Capital

Relating to or being a seat of government.

Equity

(poker) A player's expected share of the pot.

Capital

Extremely serious
A capital blunder.

Equity

(nonstandard) Equality

Capital

Of or relating to financial assets, especially being or related to those financial assets that add to the net worth of a business
Made capital improvements at the plant site.

Equity

Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.
Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity.

Capital

Relating to or being a capital letter.

Equity

An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc.
I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.

Capital

Already-produced durable goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures).

Equity

A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it.
Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application.

Capital

Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.
He does not have enough capital to start a business.

Equity

The difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it

Capital

(countable) A city designated as a legislative seat by the government or some other authority, often the city in which the government is located; otherwise the most important city within a country or a subdivision of it.
Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.
The Welsh government claims that Cardiff is Europe’s youngest capital.

Equity

The ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation

Capital

(countable) The most important city in the field specified.

Equity

Conformity with rules or standards;
The judge recognized the fairness of my claim

Capital

(countable) An uppercase letter.

Capital

The uppermost part of a column.

Capital

(uncountable) Knowledge; awareness; proficiency.
Interpreters need a good amount of cultural capital in order to function efficiently in the profession.

Capital

The chief or most important thing.

Capital

Of prime importance.

Capital

Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation.
London and Paris are capital cities.

Capital

Excellent.
That is a capital idea!

Capital

Uppercase.
One begins a sentence with a capital letter.

Capital

Used to emphasise greatness or absoluteness
You're a genius with a capital G!
He's dead with a capital D!

Capital

Of or relating to the head.

Capital

Of or pertaining to the head.
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruiseExpect with mortal pain.

Capital

First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity.

Capital

Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital cities.

Capital

Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song.

Capital

The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and necking. See these terms, and Column.

Capital

The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis.

Capital

That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in production.

Capital

Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture.

Capital

An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.

Capital

A chapter, or section, of a book.
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital.

Capital

Assets available for use in the production of further assets

Capital

Wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value

Capital

A seat of government

Capital

One of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis;
Printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters

Capital

A book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories

Capital

The upper part of a column that supports the entablature

Capital

First-rate;
A capital fellow
A capital idea

Capital

Of primary important;
Our capital concern was to avoid defeat

Capital

Uppercase;
Capital A
Great A
Many medieval manuscripts are in majuscule script

Common Curiosities

What is the main difference between equity and capital?

Equity refers to ownership value in a business or asset, while capital is the total financial resources available.

What types of capital are there?

Capital can be classified as debt or equity, along with reinvested earnings and borrowed funds.

Is equity always positive?

No, equity can be negative if liabilities exceed assets.

Can equity be part of capital?

Yes, equity is a component of capital, which also includes debt and other funding sources.

How do companies increase their equity?

Companies can increase equity through profits, additional investment by owners, or asset appreciation.

Which is riskier, equity or debt?

Equity is generally riskier as it depends on business performance and has residual claims.

What is working capital?

Working capital is the capital available in the short term to manage day-to-day operations.

Why is access to capital important for startups?

Startups need capital to scale operations, develop products, and compete in the market.

Can an individual have negative equity?

Yes, if an individual’s debts exceed the value of their assets, they have negative equity.

How does an increase in capital affect a company?

An increase in capital typically allows for expanded operations and potential growth.

What role does equity play in personal finance?

In personal finance, equity is important as it represents an individual’s net worth or asset value after liabilities.

Can capital decrease?

Yes, if a business incurs losses or depletes its assets, its capital can decrease.

Are dividends a form of equity return?

Yes, dividends are returns paid to equity holders out of the company’s profits.

How is capital raised?

Capital can be raised through equity, debt issuance, or internal generation like retained earnings.

What happens to equity when a company goes bankrupt?

In bankruptcy, equity holders are the last to be paid, after all other creditors.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Fiza Rafique
Fiza Rafique is a skilled content writer at AskDifference.com, where she meticulously refines and enhances written pieces. Drawing from her vast editorial expertise, Fiza ensures clarity, accuracy, and precision in every article. Passionate about language, she continually seeks to elevate the quality of content for readers worldwide.
Co-written by
Urooj Arif
Urooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.

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