By vs. Until — What's the Difference?

Identifying the agent performing an action.

Up to (the point in time or the event mentioned)

Indicating the means of achieving something

Up to (the point in time or the event mentioned)

Indicating the amount or size of a margin

Up to the time of

Indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period

Before (a specified time)

Indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object

(Scots) Unto; to.

Indicating the period in which something happens

Up to the time that

Concerning; according to

Before

Used in mild oaths

To the point or extent that

So as to go past

Up to the time of (something happening).

Variant spelling of bye

Up to (a certain place)

Close to; next to

Before (a time).

With the use or help of; through

(obsolete) To; physically towards.

Up to and beyond; past

Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).

At or to

Before (a condition becoming true).

In the period of; during

To; unto; towards; - used of material objects.

Not later than

To; up to; till; before; - used of time; as, he staid until evening; he will not come back until the end of the month.

In the amount of

To the extent of

According to

With respect to

In the name of

Through the agency or action of

Used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities

Used in multiplication and division

Used with measurements

Toward. Used to express direction with points of the compass

On hand; nearby

Aside; away

Up to, alongside, and past

At or to one's home or current location

Into the past

Variant of bye1.

Near or next to.

From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.

Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).

Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.

Following a passive verb.

Following a noun.

(not in common modern use) Following an adjective.

Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.

Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.

Indicates an authority according to which something is done.

Invokes an authority in an oath.

Indicates a means of classification or organisation.

Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy

In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.

Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)

Per; with or in proportion to each.

Indicates a referenced source: According to.

Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.

(horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.

At, with, among

Along a path which runs past the speaker.

In the vicinity, near.

To or at a place, as a residence or place of business.

Aside, away.

Out of the way, off to one side.

Subsidiary, incidental.

Alternative spelling of bye.

In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me.

On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.

Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.

Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.

Against.

With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.

Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.

Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.

Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.

Out of the common path; aside; - used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by-design, by-interest, etc.

So as to pass a given point;

In reserve; not for immediate use;