Acidosis vs. Alkalosis — What's the Difference?

Acidosis and alkalosis are both imbalances in the body's acid-base homeostasis, but they occur due to opposite abnormalities. Acidosis results from an accumulation of acid or a significant loss of bicarbonate, leading to a lower pH in body fluids. This can be caused by factors like respiratory failure, diabetes, or kidney disease. Alkalosis, conversely, arises from an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid, elevating the body's pH levels. Causes can include prolonged vomiting, hyperventilation, or excessive bicarbonate intake.

Symptoms of acidosis can include fatigue, confusion, shortness of breath, and lethargy, reflecting the body's distress in a too-acidic environment. Alkalosis symptoms might manifest as muscle twitching, hand tremor, light-headedness, and numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet, indicating the body's struggle with excessive alkalinity.

The treatment for acidosis may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as administering insulin for diabetes-induced acidosis or providing supplemental oxygen for respiratory acidosis. Alkalosis treatment also targets its root cause, which might include correcting electrolyte imbalances or controlling breathing patterns in cases of respiratory alkalosis.

The body's pH level is a critical factor in overall health, influencing enzyme functions, electrolyte balance, and oxygen delivery. Both acidosis and alkalosis can have serious health implications if not properly managed, underscoring the importance of maintaining acid-base balance through proper medical care and lifestyle choices.